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Quarter 1 saw growing evidence of a softening in inflation across major economies, although inflation in many countries was still above central bank’s target levels. Uncertainty remains regarding the forward looking pathway for monetary policy and when central banks will begin to unwind interest rates. A growing consensus among investors that the cycle of interest rate hikes is at an end after the European Central Bank sent a strong signal that it would consider cutting rates at its next meeting in June. The US economy has evidenced the possibility that rates may need to stay higher for longer.
The rally in bond markets at the end of last year faded in the first quarter as investors pushed back their timing of potential rate cuts. Bond yields rose in January and February before recovering somewhat in March when the Fed confirmed it expected to cut rate three times this year. The current spread divergence seen between government bonds underscores the importance of having global diversification across different bond markets as monetary policy potentially diverges between different regions.
Most equity markets started the year in positive territory with subsiding inflationary pressures, robust economic data and the prospect of oncoming rate cuts. The US stock market registered its best first quarter in five years, with the S&P advancing 10.6% driven partly by the continued appetite for artificial intelligence. UK equities increased, led by returns from large-cap stocks. European equities rose for the second consecutive quarter following reasonable corporate earnings and declining inflation to 2.4% in March. Emerging market equities registered more modest returns, held back by weakness in China and Latin America.
Brent crude oil was up 12.5% over the first quarter as ongoing production cuts and geopolitical tensions continue to impact markets, while the dollar strengthened against major currencies including sterling and the euro.